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[Full Guide] How Do You Store LiFePO4 Lithium Batteries

John Marius
John Marius
—
13/06/2023

 The proper storage of LiFePO4 lithium batteries is vital in ensuring its longevity and preventing any potential hazards. The increasing popularity of lithium batteries is attributed to their lightweight design, high energy density, and eco-friendliness compared to conventional lead-acid batteries. However, to optimize the battery's benefits, knowing how to store it correctly is key.

This article centers on divulging the necessary details related to proper storage and handling of LiFePO4 batteries to extend its lifespan.

Why is Proper Storage of Lithium-ion and LiFePO4 Batteries Essential?

Even if the battery remains disconnected from external devices, internal chemical reactions can transpire.

LiFePO4 batteries necessitate fewer safety precautions than traditional lead-acid battery and other type's lithium-ion batteries. LFP batteries employ stable iron compounds and do not generate hazardous gases or explode. Despite this, LFP batteries entail a significant investment. The appropriate storage of LiFePO4 batteries ensures that your investment does not go to waste. 

Several batteries possess an in-built protection mechanism---battery management system, offering a safe storage option for LiFePO4 batteries.  However, while a Battery Management System (BMS) provides essential protection, proper storage conditions are still necessary to maintain battery health and longevity. Factors such as temperature, state of charge (SOC), and humidity can significantly impact battery performance over time.

How to Store LiFePO4 Batteries?

The primary factor that affects the storage of LiFePO4 batteries is the intended storage duration. Here are the key techniques for storing LiFePO4 batteries and specific recommendations for storage time.

1. Key Techniques for Storing Lithium Batteries

Switch Off: Nearly all manufacturers recommend storing lithium batteries after switching them off.

For RVs and motorhomes, using only the off switch on the electrical system does not disconnect the battery pack. Some components remain active, such as sensors, even without external loads to draw power. The correct way to disconnect the battery pack is to detach the [+] and [-] wires connected to the battery pack terminals.

Unlike other types of battery packs, lithium batteries do not require a trickle charge voltage and do not need to be powered during storage. LiFePO4 batteries have a self-discharge rate of 1-3% per month, so they retain most of the charge capacity during storage.

It is crucial to store lithium batteries away from sources of heat, radiators, or other heat sources. They contain chemicals that can overheat and explode when exposed to high temperatures for extended periods.

When storing batteries, keep them away from conductive objects such as terminal clips or other metals that may accidentally contact both battery terminals and cause a short circuit.

If the battery behaves abnormally after removal, it should not be used. Strange behavior includes any odor, liquid leakage, physical deformation, or other anomalies.

Avoid placing LiFePO4 batteries in strong magnetic fields while storing them, as these fields can disrupt or damage the battery management system on lithium-ion batteries.

2. Short-term Storage

Ensure that the battery is stored in a dry place and should not have any leakage or corrosive gases entering it.  Excessive humidity can lead to corrosion of battery terminals and internal components. It is advisable to store batteries in a dry environment with humidity levels below 65% to prevent moisture-related damage. If necessary, silica gel packs or dehumidifiers can help maintain an optimal storage atmosphere.

When you switch off and store LiFePO4 batteries, it is highly recommended to charge them to at least 50% of their maximum charge capacity using a lithium charger. This ensures optimal charging when the battery is reconnected and helps maintain the overall battery condition.

3. Long-term Storage

Long-term storage increases the self-discharge rate. Self-discharge also increases when the battery warms up and is stored outside the recommended storage temperature. To address this issue, place LiFePO4 batteries in a warm location and charge them adequately at 50% SOC before actual disconnection. The ideal temperature range is 10℃ to 35℃ (50°F to 95°F).

When the battery storage time exceeds three months, it's best to recharge it every three months to keep the battery healthy and in good operating condition when removed for use.

recharge every 3 months for long-term storing lifepo4 batteries


4. Ideal Storage Temperature for LiFePO4 Batteries

 LiFePO4 lithium batteries can be stored at -10℃ to 50℃ / 14℉ to 122℉. However the ideal storage temperature is around 25℃ or around 75-78℉. 

calendar life of lifepo4 batteries at different temperatures

A study of battery calendar life at different storage temperatures found that batteries stored at 25°C exhibit the highest capacity retention, while those at 55°C show the lowest.  Battery capacity decays most rapidly and calendar life is shortest at 55°C. So if possible, store the battery at 25℃ or around 75-78℉.

5. Storing LiFePO4 Batteries in Cold Weather (Winter)

Although lithium batteries perform better in low temperatures compared to lead-acid batteries, charging and discharging in low-temperature environments can still cause damage and affect their lifespan. Long-term storage in extreme cold (below -10°C / 14°F) can cause the electrolyte to thicken, reducing battery efficiency when reactivated. The ideal storage temperature range is -10℃ to 50℃ (14℉ to 122℉). 

If storage in freezing temperatures is unavoidable, thermal insulation (such as insulated battery boxes or foam padding) can help mitigate extreme cold exposure. For off-grid solar systems, RVs, or boats stored in winter, consider moving the batteries to an indoor environment or a controlled storage unit.

Besides, avoid storing the battery on cold concrete or metal surfaces. Direct contact with cold floors or metal surfaces can cause the battery to lose heat more quickly. Instead, place the battery on a wooden pallet, rubber mat, or insulated platform to reduce heat loss and minimize thermal stress.

What's more, check and recharge the battery periodically can help avoid the damage. Even when not in use, LiFePO4 batteries experience a small self-discharge rate over time. It is recommended to check the battery every 3-6 months and recharge it to 50% SOC if necessary. This prevents deep discharge and ensures the battery remains in good condition for future use.

6. Storing LiFePO4 Batteries in Hot Weather (Summer)

Key point: Avoid direct sunlight or heat sources, as prolonged exposure to high temperatures accelerates cell degradation.

Storing LiFePO4 batteries in high temperatures or direct sunlight can pose a severe threat to the battery. Extreme temperatures can cause the battery to overheat internally, resulting in unnecessary chemical reactions that could cause uncontrolled battery voltage drop or even battery fires. Therefore, please avoid storing the battery for extended periods in high temperatures or outdoor sunlight.

It is highly recommended to use a battery box to provide proper protection for your LiFePO4 batteries. This will help prevent any accidents or damage that could occur due to heat exposure.

store battery in battery box

If you are in an RV that the temp is high in summer, consider installing the battery in a well-ventilated area or using thermal insulation to reduce heat buildup. Proper airflow helps dissipate excess heat, preventing the battery from reaching critical temperatures.

Additionally, if your RV or storage space lacks adequate cooling, consider using a temperature-controlled environment, such as a shaded area, insulated compartment, or climate-controlled storage unit. Avoid placing the battery near heat-generating appliances or engine compartments, as these can further elevate temperatures beyond safe limits.

For outdoor solar setups, ensure that battery enclosures are designed with reflective or heat-resistant materials to minimize direct heat absorption. Even though the LiFePO4 battery has an integrated Battery Management System (BMS) that may automatically shut down to prevent damage in extreme heat, consistent exposure to high temperatures can still degrade battery capacity over time.

Read on Storage of LiFePO4 Battery in High-Temp Viechles for more detailed guide.

FAQS about Storing LiFePO4 Batteries

Q: Can I leave a LiFePO4 battery connected to a device while it's in storage?

It is generally recommended to disconnect the LiFePO4 battery from any devices or equipment before storing it for an extended period. Leaving it connected could result in a slow discharge over time, especially if the device has a standby power draw. Therefore, it's best to disconnect the battery to preserve its charge.

Q: How often should I check the stored LiFePO4 battery?

It's a good practice to check the stored LiFePO4 battery every 3 months to monitor its state of charge. If the battery voltage drops significantly below the recommended storage voltage, it may require a recharge to maintain its performance and prevent irreversible damage.

chart of 12v lifepo4 battery voltage and soc

Q: Do I need to charge the LiFePO4 battery before using it after storage?

If the LiFePO4 battery has been stored for an extended period, it's advisable to recharge it before using it again. This ensures that the battery is at its optimal capacity and performance level.  

Q: Are there any safety precautions I should take when storing a LiFePO4 battery?

Yes, it's important to follow some safety precautions while storing a LiFePO4 battery. Avoid exposing it to extreme temperatures, moisture, or direct sunlight. It's also crucial to keep the battery away from flammable materials and children. If you notice any signs of physical damage or swelling, it's best to contact the manufacturer for further guidance.

Conclusion

Due to its low self-discharge rate and other advantages, LiFePO4 batteries are easier to store than any other lithium-ion or sealed lead-acid battery.

However, understanding how to store LiFePO4 batteries correctly is crucial to maintaining their health. Although the battery's chemical composition is quite elastic, physical components are still susceptible to many environmental factors.

Therefore, following the information above is sufficient to store most lithium-ion batteries, especially LiFePO4 batteries. Finally, obtaining high-quality batteries can make the storage process easier.

Check out LiTime's extensive catalog of first-class LFP batteries. These batteries offer a 5-year warranty, so you know they were made with quality in mind.

Please contact service@litime.com if you have any problems about LiFePO4 batteries.

John Marius
John Marius
John Thompson, an automotive engineer with 15+ years of EV and lithium battery experience, holds a Master’s in Electrical Engineering from Stanford. He’s passionate about advancing battery tech and promoting green energy.

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