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Can You Use 12-Volt Batteries in a 36-Volt Golf Cart

David Lee
David Lee
—
09/12/2024

Maintaining or upgrading the power system in your golf cart is essential, one common question that people always ask is “can I use 12v batteries in a 36V golf cart?”.

In this article, we’ll explore how golf cart electrical systems work, the implications of using 12-volt batteries in a 36-volt setup, and why it’s essential to choose the right battery configuration for optimal performance and safety.

Understanding Golf Cart Battery Systems

Golf carts typically rely on deep-cycle batteries to provide the necessary power for smooth operation. These batteries come in various configurations, commonly 6-volt, 12-volt, and 8-volt models. When determining what battery setup is appropriate for your golf cart, understanding the total voltage requirement is crucial.

A 36-volt golf cart usually requires a combination of six 6-volt batteries connected in series, totaling 36 volts. Some models may use three 12-volt batteries, but the core principle remains the same: the total voltage must meet the specifications of the golf cart motor and controller to ensure efficient operation.

Can I Use Any 12 Volt Batteries in a 36-Volt Golf Cart?

The short answer is no. Here’s why:

1. Not All 12-Volt Batteries Are Deep-Cycle Batteries

There are mainly use two types of 12-volt batteries: starter batteries and deep-cycle batteries.

(1) Starter Batteries:

  • These deliver a quick burst of energy to start a vehicle.
  • They cannot handle the constant charging and discharging of golf carts.

(2) Deep-Cycle Batteries: Designed for long, steady power

  • They endure frequent recharging and deep discharges.
  • Golf carts need deep-cycle batteries for reliable performance.
  • Using a starter battery in a golf cart can cause early failure. Starter batteries lack the durability for constant use.

deep cycle vs starting battery

2. Battery Quality and Specifications

Not all 12-volt deep-cycle batteries fit golf carts. Consider these factors before choosing:

(1) Amp-Hour Rating (Ah):

  • This indicates battery capacity.
  • Higher Ah ratings are crucial for longer usage.
  • A low Ah rating may lead to quick depletion.

(2) Voltage Consistency:

  • When using multiple batteries in series, match their type, age, and condition.
  • Mixing different brands or old and new batteries can cause imbalanced voltage.
  • This imbalance may damage the batteries.

3. Construction and Durability

Golf cart batteries must withstand vibrations and rough terrain.

Many 12-volt batteries, like those for marine or RV use, lack the rugged build needed for golf carts.

4. Using 12-Volt Batteries in Series

To create a 36-volt system, connect three 12-volt batteries in series:

  • 12V + 12V + 12V = 36V

Ensure all batteries are similar in capacity, age, and brand.

Even minor imbalances can harm efficiency and lifespan.

5. Compatibility with Golf Cart Systems

Each golf cart brand may require specific battery types. Some models prefer AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) or gel batteries. Others may work with traditional flooded lead-acid batteries, and some work with lithium golf cart batteries.

Consult your golf cart’s manual for battery compatibility to ensure optimal performance.

Configuring 12V Batteries into a 36V Golf Cart

Connecting Batteries in Series

To convert 12V batteries into a 36V system, connect three 12V batteries in series. Start by linking the positive terminal of one battery to the negative terminal of the next. Continue this until all three batteries are connected. This setup adds the voltage of each battery together, giving you a total of 36 volts. Make sure all the batteries are the same type and have the same capacity. Mixing different batteries can cause problems like inefficiency or damage.

Calculating Amp-Hour (Ah) Requirements

Next, consider the Amp-Hour (Ah) rating. This rating tells you how much energy the battery can store and supply. For example, if each 12V battery has a 100Ah rating and your 36V system needs 100Ah, the series connection will work. But if each 12V battery has a lower Ah rating, you’ll need more power. To meet the Ah requirement, connect batteries in parallel before wiring them in series.

Combining Parallel and Series Connections

When individual 12V batteries can’t meet the required Ah, use both parallel and series connections. Start by connecting two 12V batteries in parallel. This will double the Ah. For instance, if each 12V battery has 50Ah, connecting two batteries in parallel gives you 100Ah. Then, connect three parallel pairs in series. This combination achieves the 36V and 100Ah you need for your golf cart.

Space Considerations

Make sure your golf cart has enough space to fit the battery setup. Measure the area carefully to ensure all batteries fit securely. Arrange them so they won’t shift during use. Keep the batteries in a safe, stable position. This will help prevent damage and keep the system running smoothly. Adequate ventilation is important to avoid overheating.

In Short

In conclusion, configuring 12V batteries into a 36V golf cart requires both series and parallel connections. First, connect the batteries in series to reach 36V. Then, use parallel connections to meet the Ah requirement. Make sure the batteries are compatible and securely arranged in the cart. This setup will give you a reliable, efficient power source for your golf cart.

Alternatives: Use 1 36V Golf Cart Battery

Instead of configuring multiple 12V batteries, you could use a single 36V golf cart battery. This option simplifies the setup, eliminating the need for multiple connections. A 36V battery is designed to provide the correct voltage and Ah for your cart’s needs without the complexity of wiring several batteries together.

Advantages of a Single 36V Battery:

  • Simpler setup: Fewer connections and easier installation.
  • Less maintenance: No need for parallel or series wiring.
  • Compact: Takes up less space in your golf cart.

advantages of 36v golf cart battery

It is worth noting that most 36V golf cart batteries in the market are lithium. Below will discuss types of different golf cart batteries to clarify what are the advantages of lithium golf cart batteries.

Golf Cart Battery Types Comparison

Choosing the right golf cart battery is key to performance and longevity. Golf carts use different types of batteries, each with unique benefits and drawbacks. The main types are lead-acid, AGM, gel, and lithium batteries.

1. Lead-Acid Batteries

Lead-acid batteries are the most common and affordable choice for golf carts. They use lead plates immersed in sulfuric acid, which creates a chemical reaction to store energy. Though cheap, they have the shortest lifespan, usually lasting 2 to 5 years. These batteries need regular maintenance, such as adding water to keep the acid levels in check. Despite these downsides, they remain popular due to their low cost and easy availability.

Advantages:

  • Cheap: Most affordable option.
  • Common: Easy to find and replace.

Drawbacks:

  • Short lifespan: Typically last 2 to 5 years.
  • High maintenance: Need regular watering and cleaning.
  • Heavy: The heaviest of all types.

2. AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat) Batteries

AGM batteries are a type of lead-acid battery, but they use fiberglass mats to absorb the sulfuric acid. This design makes them spill-proof and removes the need for maintenance like watering. AGM batteries last longer than regular lead-acid batteries, typically 3 to 5 years. However, they are more expensive and do not offer much better power output.

Advantages:

  • Maintenance-free: No watering needed.
  • Spill-proof: Sealed design prevents leaks.
  • Longer lifespan: Lasts longer than lead-acid batteries.

Related reading: Differences Between AGM VS Regular Battery

Drawbacks:

  • More expensive: Costs more than regular lead-acid batteries.
  • Limited power boost: No significant improvement in capacity.

3. Gel Batteries

Gel batteries use a gelified electrolyte instead of liquid acid, making them more resistant to extreme temperatures. Like AGM batteries, they are maintenance-free and are better at handling deep discharges. However, they are even more expensive and can suffer damage if overcharged.

Advantages:

  • Maintenance-free: No watering or cleaning required.
  • Temperature-resistant: Works well in hot or cold climates.
  • Deep discharge: Can handle deeper discharges without damage.

4. Lithium Batteries

LiFePO4 Lithium batteries are becoming the top choice for modern golf carts. They are lightweight and efficient, with a lifespan of up to 10 years or more. These batteries charge quickly, hold their charge better, and require no maintenance. Although the initial cost is high, their efficiency and long life make them a great investment over time. Visit Top 3 Lithium Golf Cart Batteries to pick the ideal one.

Advantages:

  • Long lifespan: Can last up to 10 years or more.
  • Lightweight: Much lighter than lead-acid batteries.
  • Fast charging: Charges up to 80% in an hour.
  • No maintenance: No watering or cleaning required.
  • Consistent power: Maintains voltage without drop-offs.

Drawbacks:

  • High upfront cost: More expensive than other types.
  • Compatibility: May require golf cart modifications for optimal performance.

Conclusion

Using 12V batteries in golf carts is possible, but not all are suitable. You must choose deep-cycle batteries. Ensure they meet your golf cart’s specifications.

Focus on compatibility, capacity, and maintenance to boost performance and lifespan. Always prioritize safety and efficiency by selecting the right battery for your model and needs.

Alternatively, consider upgrading to a single 36V lithium battery for a seamless solution without multiple connections.

David Lee
David Lee
David Lee is a renewable energy consultant with global experience in off-grid systems and battery applications, especially in golf carts. A graduate of the University of Sydney, he shares insights on sustainability through his writing.

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