Full Guide of Leisure Battery | What is it? How Does it Work?

In the world of leisure vehicles, a key component that often goes unnoticed but plays a crucial role in powering various amenities is the leisure battery. Whether you own a camper van, caravan, boat, or motorhome, understanding the importance of a leisure battery is essential to ensuring a comfortable and convenient experience during your travels.

This article aims to shed light on the functions of a leisure battery, its key features, and how it works to power your favorite recreational vehicles.

What is a Leisure Battery?

A leisure battery, also known as a deep cycle battery, is a type of battery designed to provide a steady amount of power over long periods, making it particularly suitable for use in leisure vehicles.

Unlike a standard car battery, which is designed to deliver a sudden burst of power to start the engine, a leisure battery is built to provide a consistent level of power over an extended period, making it ideal for running appliances and electronics within your leisure vehicle. Learn more about Deep Cycle VS Starting Battery

How Does a Leisure Battery Work?

Leisure batteries work in a similar way to standard car batteries, storing electrical energy in a chemical form and converting it to power when needed. What sets leisure batteries apart is their ability to discharge power more slowly and withstand repeated charging and discharging cycles. This makes them well-suited for supporting the demands of appliances such as lighting, refrigerators, televisions, water pumps, and other essential devices found in leisure vehicles.

Exploring the Range of Leisure Batteries and Their Pros and Cons

The market offers a wide variety of leisure batteries, often leaving consumers unsure about the best choice for their needs. Let's delve into the different types of leisure batteries and their specific advantages and drawbacks.

Conventional Starter Batteries

These batteries are designed to deliver the initial surge of current needed to start a vehicle. Also known as calcium or cranking batteries, they are built to provide a high current for short periods. Most conventional starter batteries make use of lead-acid technology.

Standard Leisure Batteries

Referred to as auxiliary or deep cycling batteries, standard leisure batteries do not require constant recharging. They only need to be charged when their voltage falls below a certain level. These batteries are typically based on lead-acid technology.

Semi Traction Batteries and Traction Batteries

Semi traction batteries have thicker lead plates compared to conventional starter batteries, making them suitable for more demanding applications. However, they are not as adept at handling intense usage as standard leisure batteries. Traction batteries are commonly found in electric motor vehicles, powering devices such as jet skis and quad bikes.

LiFePO4 Batteries

Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries, also known as LiFePO4 or LFP batteries, have gained popularity as advanced versions of lithium batteries with superior characteristics. These batteries are known for their cost-effectiveness, high performance, and safety features. For example, LiTime Lithium’s leisure batteries are maintenance-free and incorporate temperature and overcharge protection for extended battery life and optimal capacity. Additionally, they come with a 5-year warranty, ensuring reliability.

LiTime 12V 100Ah Group 31 Lithium Battery

Gel Batteries

Gel batteries, unlike traditional lead-acid batteries, are free of liquid, eliminating concerns about toxic spills. However, their sealed nature makes them vulnerable to irreversible performance degradation when overcharged. Additionally, gel batteries generally come at a higher price compared to standard wet battery options.

Absorbent Glass Mat Batteries

Absorbent glass mat (AGM) batteries are known for their high safety measures and environmental friendliness. They are also sealed, like gel batteries, and can be installed on their side or in a tilted manner. However, overcharging can lead to complete battery failure due to their sealed nature.

Lead Crystal Batteries

A relatively new battery technology like lithium-based batteries, lead crystal batteries require low maintenance and offer fast recharging capabilities. However, their sealed form makes them susceptible to damage from overcharging.

Maintenance Free Batteries

While some batteries are marketed as maintenance-free, it's important to note that all lead-acid batteries require some form of maintenance. The term "maintenance-free" is used because they do not require topping up electrolyte levels, as seen in traditional batteries. However, maintenance-free batteries still necessitate certain maintenance procedures.

Safety Precautions for Lead-Acid Leisure Batteries

A lead-acid battery should be securely fastened, and its gas release vent must be properly installed to expel the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen generated during higher charging levels. These gases can be safely directed outside for dispersion via a plastic tube or released through a specially ventilated battery-locker door. In certain instances, the gas discharge might be adequate to trigger a nearby gas alarm, such as a carbon monoxide detector.

It's important to note that battery gas is highly explosive, and if ignited, it can cause the battery casing to rupture, releasing acid and potentially causing eye injuries or burns. Therefore, when charging a battery or disconnecting leads after charging, it's crucial to ensure that there are no open flames nearby. Even a lit cigarette can ignite the gas. Additionally, it's essential to follow these precautionary measures when checking the electrolyte and topping up a cell:

• Wear appropriate safety clothing, including eye protection and gloves, when inspecting battery cells, as battery acid can also damage clothing.
• While a 12V battery is unlikely to cause electrocution, shorting out the terminals or their connecting cables can lead to a fire.
• Sparks may occur when connecting a battery, so it's important to use high-quality clamps. Temporary crocodile clips, often included with battery chargers, are not suitable for permanent connections. It's also important to be aware that a spark can ignite any released gas or residual gas left in a cell.

By adhering to these safety guidelines, you can ensure the safe handling and maintenance of lead-acid batteries, minimizing the risk of accidents and ensuring the longevity of your battery system.

Verifying the Battery's Charge Status

Although your caravan or motorhome might feature a light or display indicating the leisure battery's charge level, these indicators may not always be precise. It's recommended to acquire a handheld meter, which can provide an accurate reading of the charge level with ease. The following table can serve as a reference when conducting these assessments.

Factors Impacting Battery Performance

Several factors can influence the performance of a leisure battery, including temperature, age, and battery size.

Temperature – Lower temperatures can lead to decreased battery performance. The amp hours rating is typically based on a temperature of 25°C, with each degree decrease causing a 1% reduction in performance. For instance, an 110Ah battery operating at 15°C will effectively perform as a 100Ah battery.

Age – Most batteries tend to last around five years before experiencing a decline in performance.

Consumption – Running a high number of appliances from a battery will result in quicker discharging, necessitating more frequent recharging and consequently leading to earlier battery degradation.

Size – The number and power requirements of appliances determine the necessary size of the leisure battery. For example, a motor mover typically requires a larger battery. Additionally, seasonal considerations, such as reduced performance in cold weather, should also be taken into account. Related reading: Deep Cycle Group 24 VS Group 31 Batteries.

Discharge Rate – The Ah rating provided by battery manufacturers generally assumes a discharge time of 20 hours. Battery capacity is usually provided at different levels, such as 95Ah at a 20-hour rate, 80Ah at a 5-hour rate, and 105Ah at a 100-hour rate.

While these factors significantly affect battery performance, it's important to recognize that there are numerous other variables at play. It's advisable to anticipate the need for recharging the leisure battery sooner than theoretical calculations might suggest.

Foul Odor from the Battery

Occasionally, batteries emit a sulfurous smell during recharging, which can be unpleasant for those using a caravan or motorhome. This odor typically indicates that the battery is being overcharged. If you notice such a smell, check if the battery feels hot to the touch, as this could indicate overcharging and potential irreparable damage to the battery.

If you do detect a sulfurous smell, it's important to remember that this indicates the release of gases, which could potentially ignite or explode. Never disconnect the battery from the charger while it's connected to the mains, as this action may cause a spark and lead to disastrous consequences.

Even in the absence of an odor, it's crucial to monitor the battery's temperature during charging, as a hot battery often signals an underlying issue.

Upgrade Your Leisure Batteries to Lithium for Better Performance

Upgrading leisure batteries to lithium can indeed offer several advantages over traditional lead-acid batteries. Lithium batteries are known for their higher energy density, longer lifespan, faster charging times, and lower weight compared to lead-acid batteries. Here are some benefits of upgrading to lithium leisure batteries:

Higher Energy Density

Lithium batteries have a higher energy density, meaning they can store more energy in a smaller and lighter package. This can be particularly advantageous in leisure applications where space and weight are at a premium.

Longer Lifespan

Lithium batteries typically have a longer lifespan compared to lead-acid batteries. They can endure a greater number of charge-discharge cycles, which can result in a longer overall lifespan. For instance, LiTime lithium batteries have the life cycle 4000-15000, which can be served more than 10 years.

Faster Charging

Lithium batteries can be charged at a much faster rate compared to lead-acid batteries. This can be especially beneficial for those who rely on quick recharging during their leisure activities.

Lighter Weight

Lithium batteries are significantly lighter than lead-acid batteries, making them easier to handle and reducing the overall weight of the vehicle or equipment.

Maintenance-Free

Lithium batteries require minimal maintenance compared to lead-acid batteries, which often need regular checks and maintenance to ensure optimal performance.

Voltage Stability

Lithium batteries provide a more stable voltage throughout the discharge cycle, which can be beneficial for powering sensitive electronics and appliances.

Safety

Lithium batteries are built-in battery management system to protect the batteries from over-charging, over-discharging, over current, short circuit and high temperatrue or even low temperature.

What Size Leisure Battery Do I Need

Determining the appropriate size of a leisure battery involves calculating the power consumption of the 12V equipment you intend to use, as well as the duration of its usage. Additionally, it's important to consider the seasons during which you plan to use the equipment. Here's an example:

Sub Total | = | 27.8

(For winter use, add an extra 10%)

Add 20% safety margin | = | 5.56

Total Ampere Hours required per day | = | 33.36

Based on the calculated total Ampere Hours required per day of 33.36, a 12V 50A or 100Ah battery would be suitable for your needs. This battery size provides a comfortable margin above the calculated total Ampere Hours, ensuring that it can effectively support your equipment usage with ample capacity to spare. Learn more about LiTime RV lithium batteries.

Tips to Prolong Leisure Batteries Lifespan

To prolong the lifespan of your leisure batteries, consider the following tips:

Proper Charging

Use a suitable charger designed for your battery type and ensure that it is not overcharged or undercharged. Overcharging can lead to excessive heat and damage, while undercharging can result in sulfation, reducing the battery's capacity. Related reading: Can I Charge LiFePO4 Batteries with a Normal Charger?

 

Avoid Deep Discharges

Try to avoid deep discharges whenever possible. Repeated deep discharges can reduce the lifespan of the battery. If deep discharges are unavoidable, consider using a battery isolator to prevent the main battery from discharging too deeply.

Regular Maintenance

Keep the batteries clean and free of corrosion. Check the electrolyte levels in flooded lead-acid batteries and top them up with distilled water if necessary. Ensure that all connections are tight and free of corrosion.

Temperature Control

Avoid exposing the batteries to extreme temperatures. High temperatures can accelerate grid corrosion and electrolyte loss, while low temperatures can reduce the battery's capacity.

Equalization

For flooded lead-acid batteries, periodic equalization can help to prevent stratification and sulfation. This process helps to ensure that all cells in the battery are equally charged.

Proper Storage

If the batteries are not in use for an extended period, ensure they are stored in a cool, dry place and are kept fully charged. Consider using a battery maintainer to keep the charge level optimal during storage. Read on this Full Guide about Storing LiFePO4 Lithium Batteries.

Avoid Overloading

Do not overload the batteries with excessive power demands. Understand the capacity of your batteries and ensure that the power demands placed on them are within their capabilities.

Use Suitable Accessories

Ensure that any accessories connected to the batteries, such as inverters or chargers, are compatible and properly installed to prevent damage to the batteries.

Regular Testing

Periodically test the batteries to ensure they are holding their charge and functioning properly. This can help identify issues early and prevent premature failure.

Consider Lithium Batteries

If feasible, consider upgrading to lithium batteries, as they generally have a longer lifespan and are better suited for deep discharges and rapid charging compared to traditional lead-acid batteries.

By following these tips, you can help extend the lifespan of your leisure batteries and ensure they provide reliable power for your recreational activities.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a leisure battery is a vital component of any leisure vehicle, providing the necessary power to run appliances and electronic devices essential for a comfortable travel experience. Understanding the functions and key features of leisure batteries, as well as knowing how to maintain and charge them properly, is crucial for ensuring a reliable and sustainable power supply during your adventures.

Whether you're a seasoned leisure vehicle enthusiast or new to the world of recreational traveling, recognizing the significance of a well-maintained leisure battery is fundamental to enjoying uninterrupted power while on the road or on the water. With the right knowledge and care, your leisure battery will reliably provide the energy needed to turn your leisure time into cherished memories.